Is Liquidity Risk Management Important For Rbs Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1277 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Liquidity and Liquidity Risk management, both are important for organisation so there is not single question regarding its importance towards RBS. I can say yes because Liquidity Risk Management enable organisation to pay its debt when they come due with certain condition and specified manner. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Liquidity Risk Management Important For Rbs Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Yes, Liquidity risk management is important especially for financial organization as well as for banks. It enables organisation to pay its debts in time without loosing values of firms assets. Answer 1.3 No, Liquidity Risk Management is not as much important as other financial strategic decision making because If you some effective financial strategy in the business than Illiquid situation will never come to face. So financial strategic decision making is important for RBS as compared to Liquidity Risk Management. Answer 1.4 No, RBS will never depend on the Liquidity Risk Management because before last recession RBS was maintaining Liquidity risk even though RBS had faced shortage of cash. It is not much important for RBS than other risk management. Answer 1.5 Liquidity risk management is not important for only RBS but it is also important for all banks and financial institutions. Liquidity can make firm to enable to pay its obligations when they come due. Answer 1.6 Yes, I think it is important for RBS to maintain credit balance in both RBS and NatWest. Answer 1.7 Liquidity and its management both are the part of financial strategies of the business. RBS is a financial institute and it is quite necessary for them to maintain enough cash fund to pay its debts in time and liquidity risk policy enables to do so. Liquidity and Recession 2 What was the reason behind the last recession especially for Banking sector (RBS)? Answer 2.1 First of all last recession of 2007-2010 was came from United States of America by subprime mortgage crisis and it was impacted to only financial sectors of world and specially to western countries. End of 2006 and start of 2007 was boom time, there were only growth in the market. Banks were lending money in the market without any securities. Due to coming in overconfidence bye banks and investors, recession time start and it was reason for RBS also because before this time RBS was doing quite well. Answer 2.2 It was only due to overconfidence of financial institutions. Financial organizations came into over confidence and invested money in the market without any securities. This was the reason of global financial crisis. RBS was also come into trouble because of worthless acquisition. For business development RBS did lot of acquisition and invested lot of money even some of those acquisitions were useless and worthless. Answer 2.3 Reasons behind the last recession were sub-prime mortgage crisis, housing bubble and oil pricing bubbles. These three hurdles had also affected to RBS and all financial institutions and some of them were fall down. Answer 2.4 Lack of securities and overconfidence were reasons behind the global financial crisis. Answer 2.5 It is clear and everyone knows about the recession, its reasons and its effects. Sub-prime mortgage crisis was the main reason behind the credit crunch. Same things happened with RBS. Answer 2.6 Reasons for the last recession were housing price bubble, lack of liquidity fund, sub-prime mortgage crisis and increasing inflation. Answer 2.7 RBS was using acquisition techniques for business expansion. It was right but not suitable because reserve fund is also necessary during critical time to survive. RBS had not maintained liquidity fund and due to this, RBS had to face credit crunch. 3 Can liquidity risk management help organisation to survive during recession? If yes than how did it helped to RBS? Answer 3.1 If we talk in the context of last recession than I will say yes because last recession was only due to not available enough cash with organisation, and liquidity management is only key to solve this problem so it is quite true to say that LRM helps organisation to survive during recession. Answer 3.2 No, Liquidity risk management can help organisation to solve illiquid situation where as last recession was due to non availability of fund that business do need for their operation as well as to meet regular expenses. Liquidity Risk Management can not solve insolvency condition. Answer 3.3 Yes, it can help organisation to survive during credit crunch but at some extent only. Answer 3.4 Liquidity Risk Management is one of the risk management policies. It can help organisation to solve short term funding problem but last credit crunch was into action for almost 3 years. So it is not possible with Liquidity Risk management. Answer 3.5 Sometime it can help or sometime it can not. So it depends upon the circumstances of the problem. If we talk in the context of last credit crunch, it can and it also did to many banking organizations. Answer 3.6 Risk Management policies are most important for all business organisation and Liquidity Risk Management policy is one of them. So it is also important and helpful for business organisation like as RBS. Answer 3.7 Now a day, Business can perform on the base of certain strategies and policies which can help an organisation to develop and run business even in tough conditions as well as to gain competitive advantages. So Liquidity Risk Management policy is one of them which help us to deal with short term payments and debts. Liquidity and Trust, Reputation and Solvency 4 From your point of view, is there any relation between liquidity and solvency? Answer 4.1 Yes, because liquidity and solvency are two sides of a coin and they are connected with each other. Illiquidity comes from insolvency but insolvency never comes from illiquidity. So I can say like as there is a relationship between liquidity and solvency. Liquidity is a part of solvency. Answer 4.2 No, there is not any relation between Liquidity and Solvency. Illiquidity doesnt come from insolvency but Sometime insolvency comes from the continuous illiquidity. So there is only on side relation, illiquidity comes from some business loses and wrong investment decision like as RBS did in past. Answer 4.3 Liquidity and solvency are connected with each other, so I can say that both have relation with each other. Answer 4.4 Yes, they both are two sides of a coin. If Illiquidity happens than insolvency will also happen after sometimes. There is a positive relation between liquidity and solvency. Answer 4.5 Yes, there is a relationship between liquidity and solvency. If company has sound liquidity management policy than insolvency condition will never come in the business. We have some example, Lehman Brother collapse, why? Because of improper management of fund and wrong investment decision, continuous illiquid situation surged insolvency. Answer 4.6 No, Answer 4.7 No, because Liquidity deals with short term debts and Solvency deals with long term debts. So there is not any relation between liquidity and solvency. 5 Do Liquidity Risk Management Policy help organisation to build trust and Reputation? If yes than how? Answer 5.1 I think yes, Liquidity can defiantly make an impact on trust and reputation of the company. In todays business world, all investors and stakeholders want to invest on those companies which are doing well by their business financial transaction. It means on time payment to creditors, dividend to shareholders, interest to banks and other loan holders, even wages to staff also. Liquidity helps organisation to pay its debts on time when it fall due. So Liquidity can do impact on trust of stakeholders and reputation in business world. Answer 5.2 Yes, Business transaction and in time payments in business always increase business reputation in the market and trust of stakeholders which do business with company. Reputation can also build up by other tools of business but trust of shareholders and stakeholders can only build by regular business. Answer 5.3 Yes, it definitely helps organisation to build trust and reputation.

Essay about The Events of Shakespeares Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar’s ambition for power drove the honorable Brutus to think negatively about Julius Caesar’s position of being the King of Rome. Negatively speaking, Julius Caesar’s ways of having most of the power and deciding not to listen to others except the ones that only tell him things he likes to hear, drove the power-hungary conspirators and the honorable Brutus to take his life away. The honorable Brutus shows his love for Rome by committing an act which he seems best fit for his city. Trying everything he can to put Rome in a democracy, the only solution he saw was to join the conspirators to murder Caesar and explain to the people why they committed such an act. A great friend of Julius Caesar Mark Antony, stood up for many things†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"He plucked me ope his doublet and offered them his throat to cut†(I.2 276-277). One of the most negative things about Caesar is that he compares himself to things that are very incompara ble which eventually portray a signal to the conspirators that Caesar thinks that he has too much power and that he must be stopped. Caesar also listens to things he only likes to hear. He claims that he does not like flattery and will not accept it. Decius finds ways to flatter Caesar because it makes him feel more confident about himself â€Å"....If he be so resolved, I can o’ersway him..../....But when I tell him he hates flatterers, He says he does, being then most flattered† (II.2 218-225). Another case where Caesar just listens to things he likes to hear is when his wife is trying to make him stay home because of her dream, Decius interprets the dream in a form Caesar would like and makes him not stay home. â€Å"This dream is all amiss interpreted. Your statue spouting blood in many pipes..../....Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck reviving blood† (II.2 90-95). Caesar was very pleased â€Å"And this way have you well expounded it†(II.2 96). Even when his dear wife is trying to help him save himself he does not listen to her. She warns him about her dream of hisShow MoreRelatedShakespeare’s Julius Caesar Vs. Plutarch’s Julius Caesar1549 Words   |  7 Pageslike a colossusï ¿ ½(Julius Caesar 1.2.142-43). These words were spoken by Cassius, a character in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar. He is speaking about Julius Caesar and Caesars arrogance and overconfidence. This quote also shows how Shakespeare perceived Julius Caesar as a prominent and influential man of his time. However, this view is not shared by all of the biographers that chose to write about Julius Caesar. 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Report on Recruitment in an Organisation Provides Recommendations

Question: Discuss about the Report on Recruitment in an Organisation. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that allows business organisations in managing the human element in their workplace using a number of functions, such as recruitment and selection, training and development, career development, performance management, etc. By improving the working conditions for the employees and by fostering stronger employee-employer relations, human resource management aims at optimising the performance of the workforce to achieve better organisational results (Hendry, 2012). Recruitment and selection Recruitment and selection is one of the most important core functions of a human resource manager. Recruitment and selection is a process of identifying job openings or vacancies in a workplace, advertising those job openings through difference channels and then finding out the best possible candidates to fill up the identified job openings (French Rumbles, 2010). Recruitment and selection has become one of the most important aspects of strategic human resource management as business organisations are aiming at achieving higher organisational success by strengthening their recruitment and selection procedures and also by aligning them with the organisational strategies. Retail industry Retail industry was started back in the ancient industry and involves the process of selling consumer goods and services through multiple channels of distributions. From small brick and mortar shops, the retail industry has grown to large supermarkets, such as Walmart, Tesco, etc. (Rahate, 2015). The earlier retail industry saw the growth of small brick and mortar shops which were run by owners along with 2-3 employees to assist them in customer dealing. The present day retail industry is dominated by multinational companies that have large supermarkets and are even offering online goods and services. Such retailers have millions of employees working for them throughout the world. For such retail companies, human resource management is posing a big issue when it comes to recruitment and selection of employees for running business operations. Therefore, this assignment is aimed at studying the problems that the retail industry is facing in recruitment and selection of employees and re commending strategies that will allow the human resource managers in retail industry to address these issues. Recruitment and selection problems in retail industry The retail industry has grown to be one of the biggest industries on the world and is offering employment opportunities to millions of people throughout the world. Due to high number of employees working in the retail sector and because of increasing competition in the retail sector, the human resource managers are facing a number of issues in managing the human resources working in the retail sector. Some of the major problems that the human resource managers in retail sector are facing are related with leadership development, goal alignment, employee perception, promotion and policies, internship programs, overstaffing, etc. but one of the critical human resource issue that almost all retail companies are facing is related with the recruitment and selection of employees. A lot of job seekers have been attracted by the retail industry because of the opportunities that it offers along with flexible working hours. However, from a human resource point of view, recruiting candidates for retail companies have always been tougher than it seems because of some peculiar characteristics of the industry. First of all, in the retail industry, the process of recruitment and selection is highly decentralised. Even though some major retail companies have their own dedicated human resource departments but most of the companies in retail industry do not have dedicated human resource departments and all of the recruitment activities are carried out by the store managers themselves, who are no experts in the field of human resource management. For such managers, recruitment and selection can be a difficult task as they lack sufficient knowledge about the assessment criterions that are used by professional human resource managers to assess skills and competencies of the employees. Thus, efficiency and return of recruitment and selection programs in most of the retail companies is not as high as expected (Barrett, 2016). Secondly, one of the most annoying problem related with recruitment and selection in the retail industry is the fluctuating human resource demands. As discussed above, most of the companies, which are operating in the retail sector, do not have dedicated human resource departments that can continuously analyse the human resource demands of the workplace and design recruitment and selection processes to fulfil the demand. Also, the profitability and the productivity of the companies operating in the retail industry are highly dependent on the number of employees that are handling the workplace and are restocking the shelves. More the employees, more is the productivity while the profitability will suffer whereas lesser employees will result into a decreased productivity but increased profitability (Brunot, n.d.). Furthermore, the retail industry also experiences higher employee turnover ratios than any other industry. Added with lesser workforce planning, higher employee turnover rati ons can make recruitment and selection a night mare for the managers of retail companies outlets. Therefore, a major issue that the retail industry faces in terms of recruitment and selection is the fluctuations in demand and supplies. Thirdly, recruitment and selection in the retail industry is generally face-to-face. Most of the times, the candidates applying for a job in a retail company will directly approach the store manager of a company and will ask for a job. The store managers, on the other hand, can be quite busy and cannot allocate much of the resources to recruitment and selection programs. It is also possible that in time of great need, the managers might not have any candidate seeking a job in their company and even if they have, the need of the moment makes them recruit the employees without making any assessment of their skills and qualities. As a result, face-to-face recruitment or walk-ins are also major problems related with recruitment and selection in the retail industry (KHILLARE, 2016). Fourthly, for retail companies, the rate of no-shows for job interviews in very high. Retail industry can experience instances where they are on a hunt for candidates but no potential candidates turn up for the interviews because of the stiff market competition. Further, the retail industry also experiences seasonal customer activities. In holiday seasons, Christmas month, Halloween, etc. retail companies can experience a steep rise in customer foot fall in their stores and to deal with such fluctuations, the retail companies have to keep the process of recruitment and selection as an on-going process. High employee turnover ratios also add up to the problems and there is almost a vacancy or more available in the retail companies and the managers are recruiting employees throughout the year. A major disadvantage of on-going recruitment process is that it can disrupt the business and training costs may not be recouped if the workforce leaves even before they can make a contribution to wards the productivity of the organisation(employer.careerbuilder.com, n.d.). Fifthly, retail companies are highly dependent on their workforce for becoming productive and competitive. A retail company that is not recruiting the right people at the right time might not be able to offer the right services to the customers and the level of customer satisfaction might decrease, which will further increase the chance of losing a loyal customer. Moreover, the competition amongst retail companies is so high that the customers can always find a new retail company in case they are not satisfied with the services of the company that they have currently chosen. Thus, recruiting and selection of wrong people can also lead to the failure of a company (Singh Mishra, 2008). Sixthly, retail companies require very less educational qualification or prior experience to hire a candidate, which exponentially increases the pool of candidates applying for jobs in retail companies. Because of an increase in the pool of candidates, the retail industry receives application from a diverse group of candidates that are different in terms of age, religion, cultural backgrounds, ethnicity, etc. and each one of them is an eligible candidate for the job. Thus, it becomes very difficult for the human resource managers working in the retail industry to identify the people who can contribute more towards the success of their organisation. Lastly, another major issues related with recruitment and selection in the retail industry is that the recruitment decision made by the managers can have a potential impact on their customer base. For example, candidates applying for a job in retail sector are also going to be the customer of the business. They must have approached the manager for a job because they are attached to the brand and a rejection can potentially have an impact on the customer base (Barrett, 2016). Recommendations to deal with recruitment and selection problems in retail industry The competition in the retail industry and the presence of some major players that are dominating the global market makes it imperative for retail business organisations to deal with their problems in the field of recruitment and selection so that they can remain competitive in the market. Some recommendations that can be used by retail outlet managers to deal with recruitment and selection issues are discussed below: First of all, workforce planning should be treated as an integral part of business. By regular workforce planning, the managers working in retail outlets will be able to understand the human resource demand and supply patterns in the industry and will be able to cope up with the fluctuating demands in a better way (Staniforth, 2016). Secondly, retail companies should offer carefully designed compensation and benefits to the employees. by providing the employees with added benefits, the retail managers can bring down the employee turnover rates, which would ultimately help them in dealing with certain issues related with recruitment and selection of employees. Thirdly, the managers working in retail outlets should consider hiring employees on a temporary basis when the seasonal activity or footfall is there. The managers should be prepared for seasonal activities in advance so that they do not feel a shortage of human resources and can carry out their work operations with ease. Temporary human resources will also help them in serving the customers in a better way and maintain profitability. Further, it will also help in dealing with fluctuations in human resource demands (Retailthinktank.co.uk, n.d.). Fourthly, the managers working in the retail sector should store candidate profile as an important piece of information. Rather than rejecting the job requests put up by candidates, the management can store their information and can keep it for future references. This way, neither the candidates will feel demoralised and the company will also be able to find potential candidates whenever there is a need in the outlets. Lastly, the companies operating in the retail industry should make it a point that they have more employees working as permanent staff rather than hiring staff on a temporary basis. The managers can then arrange for training and development of permanent staff members in order to keep them engaged, motivated and also to retain them in the longer run. This way, managers will also be able to execute succession planning strategies for such employees and it will become easier for the managers to strengthen their recruitment and selection process because of the presence a dedicated and engaged pool of employees. Conclusion The retail sector is one of the most competitive sectors in the global economy and is responsible for a major portion of the global GDP and employment opportunities. The issues that retail companies are experiencing in the recruitment and selection of their employees can have a major impact on their business activities if not dealt with properly. Thus, it is important for the managers operating in the retail industry to get more awareness about these issues and look into the above recommendations in order to strengthen their recruitment and selection process. Bibliography Rahate, A. (2015). Top 15 Worlds Biggest Retail Giants. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from listovative.com: https://listovative.com/top-15-worlds-biggest-retail-giants/ French, R., Rumbles, S. (2010). Recruitment and Selection . Managing and Developing People. Hendry, C. (2012). Human Resource Management . Routledge. Barrett, D. (2016, October 2016). Six recruitment challenges that retailers must conquer. Retrieved May 20, 2017, from hrzone.com: https://www.hrzone.com/talent/acquisition/six-recruitment-challenges-that-retailers-must-conquer Brunot, T. (n.d.). HR Challenges in the Retail Sector. Retrieved May 20, 2017, from yourbusiness.azcentral.com: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/hr-challenges-retail-sector-1648.html KHILLARE, D. S. (2016, March). Challenges Of Human Resource Practices In Retail Sectors : in India. International Journal of Engineering Technology, Management and Applied Sciences, 4(3). employer.careerbuilder.com. (n.d.). Recruiting and Retaining Top Talent in the Retail Industry. Retrieved May 20, 2017, from employer.careerbuilder.com: https://employer.careerbuilder.com/jobposter/small-business/article.aspx?articleid=ATL_0170RETAIL Singh, B. D., Mishra, S. (2008, July). Indian Retail Sector- HR Challenges Measures for Improvement. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 44(1). Staniforth, J. (2016, March 31). The best online recruiting resource for HR, In-house Recruiters and Hiring Managers. Retrieved May 20, 2017, from vacancy-filler.co.uk: https://blog.vacancy-filler.co.uk/how-to-fix-the-recruitment-problems-in-the-retail-sector Retailthinktank.co.uk. (n.d.). What changes are retailers making to their HR strategies and operational practices to adapt to the recession? Retrieved May 2017, from www.retailthinktank.co.uk: https://www.retailthinktank.co.uk/whitepaper/what-changes-are-retailers-making-to-their-hr-strategies-and-operational-practices-to-adapt-to-the-recession/

Postcolonial Literature an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Postcolonial Literature - Historical, Political and Cultural contexts Generally, ideologies of nation and nationalism together with theories of modernity and postcoloniality are explained through the recordings of history in all their political, economic, cultural, historical, and archeological implications. It is the analyses of these implications that postcolonial scholars find useful in holding empire accountable, if not for anything else, at least for querying history. Romila Thapar in "The Past and the Prejudice" foregrounds the intellectual impetus behind the colonial method of writing history. She begins by saying: Need essay sample on "Postcolonial Literature - Historical, Political and Cultural contexts" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Often Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I want to spend time with my friends Essay writer professionals suggest: Get Help In Writing An Essay Buy College Papers Buy Written Essays Online Assignment Help Buy Essays Cheap There is a qualitative change between the traditional writing of history and history as we know it today. The modern writing of history was influenced in its manner of handling the evidence by two factors. One was the intellectual influence of the scientific revolution, which resulted in an emphasis on the systematic uncovering of the past and on checking the authenticity of historical facts. The other was the impact on the motivation of history by the new ideology of nationalism, with stress on the notion of a common language, culture and history of a group. Indeed, historical studies the world over have assumed special significance in proving the background of nationalism. Thapar also acknowledges that the Enlightenment agenda and the European mode of writing the nation in tracing nationalist trajectories were structurally manipulated to fashion the history of the colonized peoples. Going beyond such an overtly fictive telling, the Subaltern Studies Group argues that there is another layer of colonial domination by showing that historiography of newly emergent nations (as in the writing of nation/nationalist struggles) borrows heavily from pejorative, imperial methods to often ignore, even delete subaltern historiography in order to privilege elitist, official versions. In fact, this argument echoes one of Frantz Fanon's most brilliant insights, wherein he excavated and scrutinized the damaged psyche of the colonized people to show how the native mirrors the desires of the colonizer. Recently, in "Absences in History" Aloka Parasher has foregrounded that debate by posing a challenge to scholarship which relies on poststructural vocabulary to decode colonization and re-encode a new historiography. She says that in our new post-modern consciousness we apparently privilege the margins of the past by constructing a new difference of the other "other" which has all the elements of heterogeneity, multivocality, and open-endedness, but the space and item where these margins of the past meet are the center of history... In a study of pre-modern society [colonized nations] then, where history as we understand it today was an alien concept, we privilege a modern notion of history [that of a de-colonized nation] and all that it entails so that it becomes central, and the object of study to remain distant and marginal. Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses presents a cacophony of voices, most of them "unfamiliar," a polyphonic babble contesting the right to speak. Far from valorizing "verse" and its ideology, The Satanic Verses demonizes it. This text asserts the centrality of the margins, transgressing and interrogating boundaries of genre, class, time, traditions, geography. If Vikram Seth Golden Gate is Barthes' comfortable "text of pleasure," The Satanic Verses is Barthes' "text of bliss": Text of pleasure: the text that contents, fills, grants euphoria; the text that comes from culture and does not break with it, is linked to a comfortable practice of reading. Text of bliss: the text that imposes a state of loss, the text that discomforts (perhaps to the point of a certain boredom), unsettles the reader's historical, cultural, psychological assumptions, the consistency of his tastes, values, memories, brings to a crisis his relation with pleasure. Rushdie's text is indeed discomforting. The loss it imposes is the loss of familiar aesthetic pleasures: truth is neither beauty, nor beauty necessarily truth, and you need to know much, much more than that in this life. Indeed, if we are to trust this novel, truth and beauty and being are all provisional and precarious. It is not surprising, then, that Rushdie's work has become more a historical icon than an aesthetic artifact. As he writes of a character in Midnight's Children, he is "handcuffed to history" (a fine phrase later used by Uma Parameswaran in titling an essay about Rushdie work). When the furor over The Satanic Verses and the Ayatollah's fatwah was at its height, it was commonly said that The Satanic Verses was the most talked-about novel that was never read. The implications of this statement are double: first, that it is primarily a political, not an aesthetic, document; and second, that it is, as some critics stated at the time, unreadable, perhaps even not a "good" book. That is, it does not deliver pleasure in the comfortable and comforting aesthetic codes we know and to which we respond. Indeed, the novel may refuse to allow the kinds of pleasure that The Golden Gate provides. But Verses has embedded within it other semiotic codes of pleasure: the codes of literary realism, as we can see in the multiplicity of detail, as well as in the insistence on history. In addition, many critics have commented on Rushdie's work as embodying magical realism, or as being postmodernist in its metafictionality. Still other critics have demonstrated the literary and linguistic playfulness with which Rushdie entertains, teases, and pleases the reader. My point in bringing up such well-known literary categories as "literary realism," "magical realism," and "postmodernism" is again to ask us to focus on the uses of the aesthetic in the genre of the postcolonial. Rushdie's politics, his particularity of place, ethnicity, race, his evocation of the frightening "Other reader," do not come exclusive of aesthetic technique. Nor is that aesthetic merely a matter of ornamental decoration. Rushdie's text makes enormous claims to the experience and the discourse of the aesthetic, in o rder to claim its power and its moral force for itself. Rushdie's text, no less than Seth's, sets out to give pleasure. But the nature of those pleasures are different. One way of expressing that difference is in Barthes' terms, the comforting text of pleasure and the discomforting text of bliss. But this structure has an in-built hierarchical ranking--pleasure as lesser than bliss--with which I'm uneasy. Another way, perhaps, of expressing the difference of pleasure might lie in the difference between two of the definitions of the aesthetic that I used at the beginning of this paper: pleasure as evoked by formal expression, and the pleasure evoked by the expression of being of a particular social identity. I would reverse the categories of "minor" and "major" as Jameson uses them in his essay. While Seth's novel makes claims to being major by drawing upon the familiar pleasures of the aesthetic, it is, finally, "minor" because, in making an aesthetic claim to pleasure on primarily literary, formal grounds, it reinscribes the traditional separation of art and politics as forever separate. This is a fairly small, exclusive stage for the operation of the aesthetic experience. In some sense, Rushdie's novel, too, could be called "minor," but in a different sense, and a political sense. JanMohamed and Lloyd speak, not of being minor, but of becoming minor, that is of deliberately choosing to ally oneself with the groups of those who are historically disenfranchised, racial and ethnic minorities, women of all races and ethnicities, all the groups characterized by "difference" from the dominant classes: "'Becoming minor' is not a question of essence . . . but a question of position: a subject-position that in the final analysis can be defined only in 'political' terms--that is, in terms of the effects of economic exploitation, political disenfranchisement, social manipulation, and ideological domination on the cultural formation of minority subjects and discourses". To use this definition of "minor" for Rushdie's work is to follow Jameson's separation of the aesthetic and the political, to perceive the formal properties of Rushdie's text as "flaws" that detract from its provision of pleasure, and, finally, to see it as primarily political rather than aesthetic. But Rushdie's work makes forceful claims for its own aesthetic status. Unlike Seth's, it does not make a singular claim to the pleasures of aesthetic form. Rather, it makes plural aesthetic claims: it chooses to "become minor," in JanMohamed and Lloyd's sense, discomforting us with the expression of "minor" identities, with its "political" identity. But it simultaneously assaults us with formal, aesthetic demands on our attention; that is, it insists on its "artistic" identity. In doing so, it refuses to allow us, as readers, to safely separate art from politics, private from public, experience from knowledge, our private selves from the body politic. This gives it a more expansive, more inclusive stage to operate as a verbal artifact, as a piece of literary artifice: both art and politics, both aesthetics and history, both personal and collective. Here, the pistol shots neither replace nor compete with the concert: they are an integral part of the music. In other words, Rushdie Satanic Verses forces us to reformulate Jameson "Freud versus Marx" as "Freud is Marx"--and this may make it a "major" work, after all. Rushdie's work also suggests the ways in which history has perpetually undermined that dream of wholeness, leaving behind a "deep disorder," a legacy of cultural violation and dependency. The fully autonomous identity for which his characters yearn remains impossible; and the mimicry of other peoples and other values becomes inevitable. Rushdie's work stands as a later moment in both the literature and the historical process of decolonization; he takes what Bhabha describes as that "separation from origins and essences" as his starting point. In attempting to define an independent India's "national longing for form," he uses what: he terms a "historically validated eclecticism" to mount an attack on "the confining myth of authenticity" itselfan attack located in the very ground of his work's language. The most important writer that Anglophone South Asia has yet produced, Rushdie remakes English into a new Indian language called "Angrezi," in a move that at once destabilizes the imperial idea of a standard English to which one must conform and challenges the nativist assumption that there's only one "good, right way" to be Indian. For Paul Scott India provided the mausoleum for "the last two great senses of public duty we [British] had as a people . . . the sense of duty that was part and parcel of having an empire"--the duty, once having taken possession of India, to govern it responsibly and well--"and the sense of duty so many of us felt that to get rid of it was the liberal human thing to do." In literary terms the first approximates to Kipling and the second to Forster. Yet the dichotomy between them no longer seems so clear. They disagree as to what ought to be done about imperialism, but the rhetoric through which each writer depicts India is many ways the same. Both, for example, see the Raj as outside history; both are subject to what the historian Francis Hutchins calls "the illusion of permanence" on which the Raj depended. Nevertheless, Scott's distinction between those "two great senses of public duty" remains a good one, and his own achievement in The Raj Quartet ( 1966- 1975) lay in synthesizing the work of his predecessors to show how those duties came inevitably into conflict. From Scott the rhetoric of English India leads to the work of the two major novelists of the Indian diaspora, Rushdie and the Trinidadian Hindu V. S. Naipaul; a brief comparison of their work will provide this chapter's conclusion. Other important novels have of course emerged from England's engagement with empire in other parts of the globe. One thinks especially of Jean Rhys's Wide Sargasso Sea ( 1966), and Timothy Mo's historical novel about the founding of Hong Kong, An Insular Possession ( 1986), not to mention the national literatures of Australia or Nigeria or South Africa. Yet nowhere was the British literary encounter with imperialism so complex, or of so sustained a quality, as in India, the oldest and most important of Britain's conquered territories; hence this chapter's emphasis. But the British novel of Africa is also important, and its terms differ in interesting ways from those in which the British saw India. Before turning to Naipaul and Rushdie, we will therefore pause to examine some of its major motifs. According to Ahmad, postcolonial theory subsequently favors the work of the migrant intelligentsia of Third World origin based in the West. Said and his followers are taken to task for assuming that writers like Salman Rushdie (to whom Ahmad is consistently hostile) represent the authentic voice of their countries of origin. Instead, Ahmad locates them within the politically dominant class fraction of their host society, to which texts like Shame, like postcolonial theory itself, are in the first instance deemed to be addressed. Ultimately, Ahmad implies, a lot of such work needs to be placed within metropolitan discursive traditions such as Orientalism and Ahmad takes Said severely to task for failing to see how a text like Satanic Verses belongs to a long tradition of anti-Islamic sentiment in the West. When Third World culture 'proper' is addressed in postcolonial theory, Ahmad argues, most attention is given to those texts which 'answer back' to imperial and neo-colonial culture--for instance, the fictional ripostes to Heart of Darkness by figures as diverse as Chinua Achebe, Wilson Harris and Tayib Salih. According to In Theory, this attention to work that has been, in a crucial sense, interpellated by Western culture simply reinforces the traditional relationship between centre and periphery which underlay all discourse, political and cultural, of the colonial period. There is thus a damaging tendency 'to view the products of the English-writing intelligentsia of the cosmopolitan cities as the central documents' of the national literature of the country in question. In the process those aspects of Third World culture which are most genuinely independent of metropolitan influences and of allegiance to the national bourgeoisie, such as literatures written in regional Indian languages, are either neglected or ignored. Resources Ahmad, "Literary Theory and Third World Literature: Some Contexts", In Theory, pp. 68-9. Procter, J. (ed.) (2000) Writing Black Britain 1948-1998: An Interdisciplinary Anthology,Manchester: Manchester University Press. Rushdie, S. (1988) The Satanic Verses, London: Viking Penguin. Rushdie, S. (1991) Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991, London: Granta/ Penguin. Said, Edward. Orientalism. New York: Vintage, 1978. Thapar, Romila. "The Past and the Prejudice." New Delhi: National Book Trust of India, 1980.

12 Facts for Research Paper on Child Development

12 Facts for Research Paper on Child Development Child development is a topic that studied the change and growth which occurs in infants. It’s very crucial to understand children and what helps them grow mentally and also physically during their years of growth. If you’re interested in writing a research paper on child development then you’ve come to the right place. This is the first of three guides that you’ll be entertained with. These guides will lay a strong foundation, as well as credible information and resources, that will help you to write an exemplary and sublime research paper on child development. In this first guideline, 12 facts for research paper on child development, we’ll be discussing 12 credible facts on child development. These facts will strongly help you to write better and come up with topics related to child development. In our second guide, 20 child development research paper topics, we have provided you with 20 relevant topics that you can start writing on immediately. We have also included a sample essay that will certainly assist you in writing a better paper. In our third (and final) guide, writer’s manual for research paper on child development, we will discuss the ground methods that will help you structure your research paper according to its formal standards. With all of these guidelines combined, you’ll have the knowledge and the practical methods to compose an impressive research paper on child development. With that being said, here are the 12 facts on child development: You should know that a child’s first five years of his life are highly important. In these first few years, children begin to develop their brain, its functioning and also its organization. Giving the babies proper care and safety during these years is optimal to promote a healthier mental growth and development. According to UNICEF around 200 million children in low-income countries will fail to fully develop due to risk factors and conditions they live in. Believe it or not, infants are more creative, more intelligent and more aware of their surroundings than adults. Researchers have drawn parallels between the brain of a baby similar and a lantern, which is practically aware of everything. On the other hand, an adult brain is likely to be like a flashlight i.e. focusing only on a particular thing at a time and unable to perceive beyond that particular thing. Scientists believe that geniuses like Da Vinci, must have the ability to think a little like infants. The response of parents to their babies can drastically change the way a baby’s brain evolves. According to a research, scientists have found out that parents who respond 80% of the time to a baby’s vocalization, can speed up the language development. However, responding more than 80% can reduce the ability of a baby to learn. Some of the main reasons why many children fail to grow to their full potential include poverty, malnutrition and poor health, exploitation, neglect, abuse, exposure to violence, a lack of opportunities to learn, poor care and illnesses. According to a research, it was concluded that babies cry with intonations that are similar to their mother tongue. This triggers a far more intense emotional response for a mother than any other person, which is why a mother is usually the first to run when she hears her baby cry. This emotional connect is important for a child’s growth. Babies cry annoyingly and science knows why. According to evolutionary biologists, a baby’s annoying cry lowers the emotional attachment of parents, which is important because children run a higher risk of expiring. This emotional disconnect helps parents get over their loss in case such an unfortunate event occurs. If the mother is undergoing through a trauma or is exposing herself to toxins (drugs, alcohol, junk food etc.), science says that it impacts greatly on child development. Mother prone to diseases, genetic-disorders will affect the development of her baby. The interaction between environmental variables and genes play a vital roles in the development of a child. For example, if you want your baby to have an athletic body or have a tall height, and if you’re not able to provide proper nutrition to your baby, then the child may never achieve such a stature. Researchers have found that children who have authoritative parents, are more likely to grow happier and more successful than those who have undergone permissive, authoritarian or uninvolved parenting. Authoritative parenting allows children to learn to deal with difficulties of life and be in control of the situation. As a result, when they grow old, they are capable of taking their own life decisions. Studies have shown that punishing babies or children can be unhealthy for their development, especially if you want them to be better at school. Researchers have found out that spanking leads to a lowered IQ level, and can cause a lot of mental and emotional issues to a child. According to a study, playing with a baby plays a vital role in developing his or her mental and emotional basis. Nothing can weigh as valuable as playing with a baby. Studies have confirmed that educational videos, television channels or DVDs play no beneficial role in developing the intellectual part of a child’s brain. This is because infants only respond to the things that respond to them naturally. We are certain that you must have found these facts very informative and fun to read. Keep in mind that you’ll be utilizing these facts soon when you’ll be writing your research paper. But before you do that, you have to read the second guide, 20 child development research paper topics, which covers 20 topics as well as a sample essay to give you a kickstart in your writing. Also, don’t forget to go through our third guide, Writer’s Manual for Research Paper on Child Development, even if you know how to write a research paper. Both of these guides are very important in beautifying your research paper so don’t miss them out. Now, let’s get to our second guideline, shall we? References: The Goodheart Willcox Co. Inc., Chapter 4, Child Development Principles and Theories. g-w.com/pdf/sampchap/9781590708132_ch04.pdf ZerotoThree, (2016) – Promoting Relationships and Building Skills Through Play: Gather Round Activities, Professional Resource https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/1653-promoting-relationships-and-building-skills-through-play-gather-round-activities VeryWell – An Introduction to Child Development, How children grow, change, and learn throughout childhood, Psychology Section https://www.verywell.com/an-introduction-to-child-development-2795115 Geraldine French, (2007) – Children’s early learning and development, A Research Paper by the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA)  ncca.ie/en/curriculum_and_assessment/early_childhood_and_primary_education/early_childhood_education/how_aistear_was_developed/research_papers/childrens_learning_and_dev.pdf UNICEF, Early Childhood Development, The Key to Full and Productive Life.  https://www.unicef.org/dprk/ecd.pdf Wisconsin Child Welfare Training System, Effects of Abuse Neglect: A Focus on Typical Development. https://wcwpds.wisc.edu/childdevelopment/resources/CompleteDevelopmentDetails.pdf Dan Tynan and Christina Wood, 2016 – Amazing development facts about your child, Baby Development by BabyCenter.  babycenter.com/big-story-child-development-fascinating-facts

Words Derived from Pend

Words Derived from Pend Words Derived from Pend Words Derived from Pend By Mark Nichol Pend, stemming from the Latin verb pendere, meaning â€Å"hang,† is used exclusively in legal terminology, as a verb meaning â€Å"be awaiting,† but it appears as the root of many other words referring to hanging or weight, which are listed and defined in this post. Something that is pending is waiting to be resolved. A pendant is a fixture or ornament that hangs; the word can also refer to a certain type of rope used in sailing, is a British English variant of pennant (a small, tapering flag), and may also refer to something complementary or supplementary, such as a companion volume to a book. A compendium (â€Å"weigh together†), meanwhile, is a collection; it is frequently used in a literary sense. To append (â€Å"weigh out†) is to attach something, and something attached to something else, such as a limb, is often referred to as an appendage. Supplemental content attached to the end of a book is called an appendix, and a vestigial organ of the body is so named because it hangs from the large intestine. (Its full name is vermiform appendix; the first word means â€Å"wormlike†). To depend (â€Å"hang from†) on someone or something is to rely on him, her, or it; the adjectival form is dependable, dependent is both an adjective and a noun, and dependence is the noun form. (Antonyms referring to freedom from reliance are independent and independence, while codependent, codependence, and codependency refer to control or manipulation of one person by another.) To prepend (â€Å"weigh before†) is to consider. To expend (â€Å"weigh out†) is to pay; the adjectival form is expendable (though it can also be used as noun). Something impending (â€Å"hanging over†) is about to occur; the basic verb form is rare. A stipend (â€Å"weigh payment†) is money given as pay for short-term work, generally a modest amount not equivalent to a salary. To suspend (â€Å"hang up†) is to hang something or cause someone to wait for something; the feeling that results is suspense, and the act is called suspension. A pendulum is a weight that swings to and fro to regulate movement; it may also refer figuratively to movement from one position to its opposite. Something that swings heavily can be described as pendulous. Perpendicular (â€Å"hanging thoroughly†) means â€Å"projecting at right angles†); it is sometimes employed as a synonym for precipitous and may refers to individuals of distinctive types. (Perpendiculum is the Latin term for a plumb line, a weighted cord that in conjunction with gravity is used to ensure that an upright structural element is straight.) Pendentive is an architectural term for a structural element that helps support a dome. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†Neither... or?

Rootkits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rootkits - Research Paper Example The most powerful aspect about this type of intrusion was that it had the ability to make the attack invisible to the users of the computer. Koch (2007) explained that rootkits are used in combination with Trojan horses. The infected system can be used for malicious usages without the knowledge of the user, for example conducting spam attacks, botnet attacks or changing the settings of a system according to the desire of the hacker. George (2006) stated that rootkits can even cause replacement, changing of executable programs in the systems or the kernel based files to jeopardize the entire functioning of the system. Rootkit attacks are known to cause hefty losses for organizations since they are difficult to be traced by a user. CCH Group (2009) included figures from a survey that took place in 2006; Computer Crime and Security survey concluded their study and stated that $241,150 is the average loss on an annual basis for organizations in the US. They also stated that 20% of these losses occurred from rootkits intrusions that may have caused leakage of sensitive information, login credentials, banking details etc. Koch (2007) gave an example of rootkits and explained that Sony BMG Music Entertainment had adopted the strategy of rootkits to setup digital rights management software on the system of the user whenever their CD was played to ensure that the music was not being copied or used for piracy purposes. This installation was being done without the knowledge of the user. Rootkits are hard to detect since the intruder’s tracks are cleaned and made invisible after the intrusion. George (2006) pointed out an effective mode of recognizing the presence of rootkits in the system by using an alternate media such as rescue CD-ROM. The involvement of such external medium may be able to detect the rootkits since they may not be executing at the time of running the CD and intentionally trying to hide their existence.

News summers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News summers - Essay Example Talks about the bailout started way back in June last year. The former president, Demetris Christofias balked at the measures put forward to help the economy. After he was defeated in that years election by president Nicos Anastsiades, the talks resumed. Key elements of the deal were that Cyprus had to raise its corporate tax from 10% to 12.5%, privatize state assets and overhaul of its banking system. This was to ensure that their banks were no havens for laundering money. Russia its key ally was expected to make its contribution by reducing the interest rate on the 2.5 billion Euros it had lent them earlier. The contentious issue was that Cypriot bank depositors were forced to take losses on their money. After days of negotiation, it was agreed that a one-off tax of 9.9% would be levied on bank deposits of $130,000 and above while the small depositors would be taxed at 6.75%. Moreover, the country had to wind up Laiki Bank, its second largest bank. The actions taken by the EU in Greece and Cyprus, has brought about a precedent that other countries should take care not to fall into a financial crisis. It started with Greece where the country took a massive â€Å"haircut† on its bond market. Now its Cyprus where bank deposits are being cut in order to finance the debt burden. What next will happen if another country in the euro zone falls into a financial crisis? With Italy’s economy not looking that good, we will have to wait and

Public key infrastructure Essay Example for Free

Public key infrastructure Essay Public key infrastructure is arrangements used to bind public keys with identities of respective user by means of certificate of authority. There should be unique user identity for each certificate of authority. Establishment of binding is through registration and issuance process which is carried out under human supervision or software at a certificate of authority depending on assurance level. Registration authority assures this binding where each user identity, their binding, the public key and validity conditions are made in a manner that it can not be forged in the public key certificates that are issued by the certificate of authority. Why Public Key Infrastructure Is Important Public key infrastructure enables users of unsecured public networks for example, internet to privately and securely exchange data and money by use of private and public cryptographic key pair obtained and shared through a trusted authority. It also provides for digital certificate that is used to identify an organization or individual and directory services used to store or revoke the certificates. (Warwick, 1998 pp50-55). Public key infrastructure enables computer users with no prior contact to use information in public key in their public key certificates to be able to encrypt messages to each other. It has a client software, smart cards, server software, assurances, legal contracts and operational procedures. Public key infrastructure enable parties in any dialogue establish message integrity and confidentiality without the need for exchanging any secret information in advance and do not need any prior contact. Public key infrastructure supports digital signatures that enhance security of transaction, services that are essential such as certificate revocation and validation, key backup and recovery. Updating key pairs simultaneously helps to minimize work load of administration for public key infrastructure. It also supports cross certification which creates truly federated identity through enabling integration among circles of trust. The other importance is that, it enables users to have large communication; partners and consumers transact and communicate in a dynamic way. It is reliable and cost effective where it does not involve use of huge amount of money. Public key infrastructure system is closely tied to enterprise directory scheme when public key of employees are stored together with his personal details for example, phone, e-mail, department and location. This saves time in retrieving the data that is needed because once the name of employee is known; all the necessary information concerning him or her is easily available in the same place. (Baum, 1998 pp 56-59). How It Relates To Information Technology (It) Security Communication security establishment operate and manage public key infrastructure bridge. It signs and manages common certification authorities that certify public key infrastructure. As information technology security, establishment of communication security helps in developing technical documentation and operational standards with respect to risk and vulnerability analysis, analysis of system and networks security and product evaluation in consultation with policy management departments and authority as they relate to public key infrastructure and applications that are related. Information technology security give advice and assist policy management departments and authority on standards of operation and technical documentation. When managers follow the advice given to them, their departments will be able to perform well and to the expectations of organization as a whole. They will assist the employee in performing their duties so that at the end they are able to do quality work that brings the desired results. (Steven, 1998 pp 23-26). Strategic security services are provided and technical advice to support implementation, design and operation of public key infrastructure and critical related elements of infrastructure. They develop and provide training which is specialized with respect to vulnerability of networks, conduct related research and development and appropriate mitigation strategies. Information technology maintains and advice architecture of overall system of public key infrastructure. It operates and manages merging technology test bed for supporting interoperability test between secure emerging technology applications and key public infrastructure. Business requires making partners, customers and suppliers more efficient, demands ways of securely opening up networks and applications. They look for different ways of carrying out business in order to enjoy the benefit of business communication and commerce provided by online channel opportunities which includes consumer web applications and business partner extranets. Authentication solutions have been costly and cumbersome in the past. There has been limited proliferation of these solutions. With VeriSign, customers are able to move to an easier and ubiquitous universal authentication solution relying on VeriSigns services of security to offer high breed security for internet and network resources. Managed public key infrastructure fast track is used for enterprises to secure small scale applications. Enterprises are able to control issuing of digital certificates to internal and external users while processing tasks of outsourcing data like generation of digital certificate, renewal, validation and revocation. (Steven, 1998 pp27-30). REFERENCES Warwick F. and Baum M. (1998): public key infrastructure interoperation: Science and Technology Spring, pp50-59. Steven S. (1998): Incorporation by reference and public key infrastructure: VeriSign, pp23-30.

Pyrotechnics, The Art Of Fire :: essays research papers

Pyrotechnics is defined as the art of manufacturing or setting of fireworks. There are many different forms of pyrotechnics. Some consider fireworks dangerous, obnoxious bursts of noise; others consider them beautiful, artful displays of light. Either way you look at it, pyrotechnics is an interesting and dangerous hobby. Many colors and designs may be created by the placement of different compounds in distinct areas of the fireworks, either projectile or stationary ones. Some of the many different colors of the visible spectrum that can be easily recreated are; yellow, orange, red, green, and blue. The shades of yellow and orange can be easily recreated by the use of sodium or calcium chlorate. Red is easily attainable by the burning of SrCl. The burning of BaCl creates a very bright green. The burning of copper chlorate creates the blues. It would be extremely easy if we could just place these in the fireworks and have them work, however, the emitting molecules, especially SrCl and BaCl, are so reactive that they cannot be packed directly into a firework. To generate them, we need pyrotechnic compositions designed to generate the above molecules, to evaporate them into the flame and to keep them at as high temperature as possible to achieve maximum light output. To get good colors, there must be substantial amounts of emitters present in the flame. The emitters are not alone: in order to achieve the high temperature, a fuel - oxidizer system is also needed, as well as some additional ingredients. The colors of aerial fireworks come invariably from stars, small pellets of firework composition which contain all the necessary ingredients for generating colored light or other special effects. They may be as tiny as peas or as large as strawberries. A typical red star might contain Potassium perchlorate,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  67% by weight Strontium carbonate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.5% Pine root pitch (fuel)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13.5% Rice starch (binder)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6% In order to launch these beautiful displays into the sky, one must shoot them by means of a mortar or a rocket attached to the firework. To use a mortar, you must pack a propellant into the mortar and then place your firework inside. The subsequent explosion luanchs the mortar ball (your firework) into the sky, where it is free to explode in a 360 degree display of chemistry. Some fireworks are stationary, where all that is desired is a loud bang. Some of the best stationary fireworks are just straight, packed black powder in a small, sealed container (i.

Evaluating The BSC As A Performance Management Tool

AbstractionIn of all time altering concern landscape, the concerns face the intensified competition and see the outgrowth of more knowing and demanding clients in a free market epoch. Therefore mensurating organisational public presentation entirely on the footing of fiscal indexs will merely reflect the past public presentation but will supply really small penetration into long term sustainability and therefore considered to be unequal and deceptive. Balanced Scorecard ( BSC ) introduced by Kaplan and Nortan tried to intermix other facets in add-on to the so called fiscal indexs. Consequently, the BSC in add-on to fiscal position introduced cardinal public presentation indexs around three dimensions viz. client, internal concern procedures and larning & A ; growing. However, despite its well rounded and advanced design and broad acceptance in organisations the full potency of it is yet to be achieved chiefly due to evolvement of dimensions in today ‘s context beyond the four p ositions in its design and besides due to hapless execution. Therefore BSC should continually be refined taking into consideration the cardinal success factors which affects organisational public presentation while beef uping the execution.Introduction TO BALANCED SCORECARD ( BSC )Traditionally the fiscal indexs such as net net income, Return on Investments ( RoI ) , Earnings Per Share ( EPS ) , Price Earning ( P/E ) ratio and etc. , as an unwritten regulation, were considered as the basis on which the public presentation or the wellness of organisations was measured which in bend formed the footing on which the public presentation of members at all degrees of the organisations was measured. However, with the intensified competition and outgrowth of more knowing and demanding clients in a free market era the concern landscape underwent a paradigm displacement. Therefore mensurating organisational public presentation and in bend the public presentation of employees entirely on the fo oting of fiscal steps which efficaciously represent the lagging indexs of past public presentation and holding a small prognostic value was considered as inappropriate. In the sense the past consequences will non guarantee the hereafter public presentation, instead the long term sustainability of any organisation depends upon assorted other factors such as nucleus competences of people coupled with occupation satisfaction and citizenship, strength of client relationship, acquisition and invention, internal concern procedures, engineering, quality and etc. which in bend better topographic point the organisation to bask a sustainable competitory advantage. As a consequence, a public presentation measuring system which blends all the facets including so called fiscal indexs was considered as more appropriate since it would let organisations to mensurate yesteryear every bit good as to foretell how the hereafter would look like ( prognostic value ) . In this background, Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton in 1992 introduced the construct of â€Å" Balanced Scorecard ( BSC ) † with a set of steps which complements fiscal steps of past public presentation with drivers of future public presentation and thereby to hold a holistic, incorporate position of concern public presentation. Though the name was new, the construct was an development of assorted constructs introduced under figure of theories and constructs like Activity Based Management, Management By Objectives, Total Quality Management, Strategic Management, Delegation of Authority ( authorization ) , Decentralization of Decision-Making and etc. , but what is alone about BSC is that it combined the critical kernel of all these constructs and theories into an integrated measuring system of public presentation ( Ghosh S. & A ; Mukherjee S – 2006 ) . BSC is a strategic direction system ( non simply a public presentation measuring system ) and enables organisations to incorporate their strategies/visions around specific aims, ends and steps. Then those aims and ends along with the designed public presentation steps ( KPIs ) are shared and communicated across the organisation. Further, Targets are planned and set to aline with strategic enterprises. Consequently the BSC in add-on to Financial position ( traditional public presentation measuring index ) introduced cardinal public presentation indexs around three dimensions viz. client, internal concern procedures and larning & A ; growing and attempted to reply the undermentioned four cardinal inquiries. 1. How do clients see us? 2. What must we stand out at? 3. Can we go on to better and make value? 4. How do we look to stockholders? The rational put frontward on these four positions are knowledge & A ; accomplishments of employees is the foundation of all invention and betterments ( Learning & A ; Growth position ) , skilled and empowered employees will better the ways they work ( Internal Process position ) , improved work procedures will take to increased client satisfaction ( Customer position ) and eventually increased client satisfaction will take to better fiscal consequences ( Financial position ) ( Ghosh S. & A ; Mukherjee S.- 2006 ) Since the construct of BSC was foremost introduced in 1992, many organisations globally every bit good as locally adopted the BSC as their public presentation measuring tool due to its advanced attack and besides due to the fact that it has â€Å" balanced † the cardinal dimensions of public presentation straight associating with vision, mission and schemes. However, this does non propose that all organisations have achieved success and design of BSC is perfect but instead BSC exhibited good rounded attack to public presentation direction. However, we witness that universe has changed significantly since 1992 and this is non different when it comes to concern landscape. Therefore it is worthwhile to critically measure whether BSC still holds the all positions to better mensurate the organisational public presentation and what betterments can be made to it to mensurate current public presentation every bit good as to beef up its prognostic value.CRITICAL EVALUATION OF BSC AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BSCThe apprehension of BSC and its implicit in doctrine has placed in a better place to critically measure BSC on its positive and negative facets in the current context. As discussed in the preceding subdivision, the BSC made a major discovery in mensurating public presentation beyond the traditional fiscal steps which chiefly focused on stockholder value creative activity. Puting excessively much trust on stockholders ‘ value creative activity will set force per unit area on direction to concentrate merely on short term consequences at the disbursal of long term growing and success. Further, unlike in the past today organisations are responsible for broad array of stakeholders internally and externally including stockholders. Furthermore stockholders are besides demanding an penetration into long term sustainability in add-on to short term consequences. As an illustration in the recent yesteryear we witnessed several corporate failures such as Golden Key, Enron ( USA ) , Sathyam Computers in India, Lehman Brothers ( USA ) and WorldCom ( USA ) and etc. , due to inordinate trust on fiscal indexs to mensurate public presentation. If I may farther lucubrate the former Chairman of Sathyam Computers informed all concerned parties via his missive dated 7 January 2009 that the Company misrepresented its financials to run into the analysts ‘ fiscal prognosiss and marks set. Furthermore, unlike the conventional public presentation measuring systems, the BSC clearly communicate the factors that drive public presentation and so ease the public presentation measuring procedure on the footing of drivers indentified under each of four positions. The application of BSC allows mensurating public presentation from a four broader positions and alining each step with vision, mission and schemes. This has helped organisations to strike a balance between both short term and long term concerns, fiscal and non fiscal concerns, and internal and external concerns. In add-on to its primary function as a public presentation measuring tool, the BSC besides has been instrumental in puting the foundation for a new strategic direction system enabling organisations to present new administration and renew procedures concentrating on scheme. BSC with clearly defined KPIs and measurement standards under each position allows direction to measure its strengths and failings and thereby it prompts them to place the root causes of dismaying signals to collar the state of affairss before they get aggravated. As an illustration if BSC indicates that there is an issue in the client service so the Company can turn to before clients shift to rivals. Besides it allows reacting to the challenges posed by competitory and of all time altering environment as organisations are dynamic and see a much broader image of the organisation and its environment. Further, the rating of concern public presentation with BSC system aid to instill forces subject and motive as in certain cases the employees and even direction do non cognize they are engage in and executing something inappropriate. As an illustration despite the betterments in gross ( fiscal position ) if clients are non happy ( client position ) so it would propose that the organisation should move on this and this besides would bespeak that the organisation performs below its full potency due to client issues.Despite the positive facets, the BSC besides suffers from major failings and could be discussed as below:First BSC seeking to break up the organisational public presentation measuring standards into four major positions but in the current context the organisational public presentation and long term sustainability are impacted by factors beyond what were originally introduced. These factors chiefly include the Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) and environmental concerns . The construct of Triple Bottom Line ( TPL – Net income, People and Planet ) has gained impulse in the recent yesteryear which described that organisational public presentation should be measured in footings of a ) economic ( traditional ) B ) environmental and hundred ) societal positions. The construct of CSR ( societal facet ) in nutshell demands all entities to be socially responsible as a good corporate citizen and should lend towards run intoing society ‘s outlooks. The environmental facet concerns that the activities of the entity should be conducted in a manner that do non harm the environment in which the entity operates. Here the accent is that the mere accomplishments of economic marks with no due attention to other facets will unlikely to guarantee the long term sustainability and growing. As a consequence the focal point on environmental and CSR has been a cardinal portion of today strategic direction procedure but yet to be an built-in portion of BSC. Further, adding more fuel to this is the regular companies describing ( including one-year studies ) contain detail subdivisions about the part towards CSR and entities environment footmark. Further, the providers, rivals and regulators have besides non been portion of BSC but it can be argued that providers and ordinances could be portion of Internal Process position but in today ‘s concern environment, consciousness about providers and rivals ‘ actions are considered to be critical for endurance and hence mere inclusion within Internal Process position might non do the demand. Further, the impact of ordinances has been widened over the old ages and hence should be a cardinal index to mensurate public presentation. Another position is the ethical behaviour and adhering to core values of the organisation in accomplishing the aims. In this it is of import to measure how the aims are achieved without simply looking at how much was achieved. The above suggest that BSC should non be limited to its original positions which would hold been sufficient and appropriate given the environment prevailed at the clip of its debut but instead it should be a dynamic procedure whereby parametric quantities are continually refined ( non inactive but dynamic ) to run into the demands of the of all time altering environment and to better topographic point organisations to accomplish their schemes. However, adding more positions will ensue in BSC go more complex and will take to more steps being included ensuing in issues at execution. Another observation is that the positions in BSC may non be every bit applicable and hence may non portion equal weights or prominence for all organisations and even all divisions within an entity. The BSC should be driven by overall concern schemes and hence companies may be bias towards the dimensions in BSC that closely relate their strategic purpose. As an illustration the comparative importance of positions for an investing company and fabrication set up will be different. Further, a division like Research & A ; Development will hold really small fiscal accent other than pull offing within allocated budget bounds in contract the Finance & A ; Treasury Division. All the above suggest that the BSC should be broadened to include new dimensions but this exercising should to be done with a careful idea procedure otherwise BSC would be â€Å" bias † instead than â€Å" balanced † and finally go more complex. My recommendation to efficaciously manage this demand is to do increased specialisation and thereby to hold industry specific BSC formats and assign weights to different steps ( both fiscal and non-financial ) on the footing of their importance to the industry sector is concerned. The delegating equal weights to all positions are non practical and appropriate. Further, the organisations who have adopted BSC have been delegating weights in order of importance. Furthermore, with all these contentions the mechanization of balanced mark card should non be overlooked and for it to move as a uninterrupted monitoring tool and supply feedback, the organisations should ever seek to automatize the BSC. Another point I have noticed is inclusion of big figure of fiscal and non fiscal steps within BSC doing it really complex to supervise and give feedback on a regular basis ensuing in the organisations are happening it hard to acquire the full benefits. Therefore it is recommended that merely cardinal steps are considered which guarantee smooth execution. The mechanization suggested supra would assist in turn toing this concern. Apart from betterment points discussed above the undermentioned recommendations could besides be used to do the execution of BSC successful ( Zairi M. & A ; Jarrar Y – 2010 ) : An organization-wide acceptance of BSC, i.e. covering all cardinal organisational maps ; Use BSC to supply nonsubjective informations for concern determinations ; Ensure committedness, to and buy-in for, the BSC at all organisational degrees, peculiarly at the top ; More accent on preparation ; Align the wages and acknowledgment system straight with BSC ; and Facilitate execution by interrupting down organisational barriers which hampers its successful execution.DecisionDespite superior design and fullness concentrating on broad array of positions which have a direct bearing on current and future public presentation of organisations, the BSC is yet to accomplish its full potency due to issues related to its design and hapless execution. However, BSC still prevails as an influential and widely used and recognized model for measuring of public presentation. The most appropriate manner to travel frontward, to prolong BSC popularity and to acquire the best consequences, is to continually polish the BSC on the footing of critical success factors act uponing organisational public presentation. It is disputing to interpret the BSC with of all time altering concern demands but the hereafter of BSC depends upon how it changes itself to suit in the current expression. Further, the debut of specialised BSC formats based on the different sectors could besides be utile to hold a proper mix of public presentation steps under each position in order of importance. Last but non least the mechanization of BSC would assist to get the better of most of the issues associated with execution.Mentions AND BIBILIOGRAPHYArmstrong, M. ( 2008 ) , Performance Management: Key schemes and practical guidelines, ( 3rd ed. ) India: Kogan Page Ghosh S. & A ; Mukherjee S. Article on Measurement Of Corporate Performance Through Balanced Scorecard: An Overview in the Vidyasagar University Journal of Commerce Vol. 11, March 2006 hypertext transfer protocol: //histrategy.blogspot.com/2011/02/balanced-scorecard-tool-in-strategy.html retrieved on 04 May 2011 Letter issued by Ramalinga R. B. ( Former Chairman of Sathyam Computers Services Limited ) on 7 January 2009 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ecbpm.com/files/Performance % 20Management/Best % 20Practice % 20for % 20Implementing % 20the % 20Balanced % 20Scorecard.pdf retrieved on 13 May 2011 – Research Paper: RP-ECBPM/0027 by Zairi M. & A ; Jarrar Y. on Best Practices for Implementing the Balanced Scorecard ( 2010 )

Research on Morality Essay

There is an inherent question on the basis of morality and whether or not it is a man-made, almost religious invention or if it is intrinsic to our beings as humans. I think that the rope that is the argument between is too complicated and tightly knotted to have a short conversation about, but by fraying the ends of the rope we can inevitably decide that morality is innate and that religion may have a part in building upon it, but not in creating it. The curiosity behind the topic of morality is normally fashioned by religious arguments for the assumption that a deity endowed us as humans with some sort of moral compass. However, by searching the brain for its different functions and activities during moral dilemmas and religious interactions, along with historical clues and a little knowledge of sociology, determining that morality is not created, only built upon, is inevitable. Morality is defined as normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons (Stanford). With this as a definition, the first question to rises is the following: What is one moral action that a believer can do that a non-believer cannot do? There are few answers to the inverse, if any, but non-believers do not pose that they have any stronger of a moral compass than believers, while believers do. It is incredibly important to think about an answer to this question because if there truly is no answer to this challenge, then a road has been paved toward an objective that we can already see, which is that being ethical and moral is not necessarily a religious view, so such claims can immediately be cast off and the topic can stay on a strictly scientific road. Now the consideration lies upon what is deemed as an ethical person. Is the president ethical in his decisions? Is a doctor ethical in his decisions? Of course, there is an ethical code in these circles, but does that immediately mean that any decisions outside of the codes are immoral? A moral person is normally described as somebody who takes into account the possible consequences of his or her actions and rationally decides on a choice based on how it may affect those around him. We call these people morally good because their contributions to whomever they are around are normally well thought-out, harmless contributions to the topic. However, this is simply a definition, and the person is simply his or her self. Take into account the thoughts of those around the subject. A religiously-convicted man would say that his religion is the reason for his good nature, while one not necessarily supporting religion would say that he is simply a good person. As an aside, there are multiple people who would take the chance to point out many historically immoral figures, such as Mao Zedong, Stalin, Pol Pot, who were atheistic. While it is true that these figures were indeed non-believers, it is important to distinguish the reasons for their immorality. It was not based on religion, but rather by social constructs and a greed for power that caused them to act out. Some may cite Hitler as an atheist as well, but they’d be digging their own grave. Hitler, in Mein Kampf, even gives credit to the Christian god, and had religious inscriptions on every Nazi-uniform belt. To get back to the previous point, it is important to take into account what those around the subject would perceive, and although the religiously-convicted man might have millions of people around the world following his train of thought, research done Dr. Pyssiainen and Dr. Hauser from the departments of Psychology and Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University offers an interesting perspective on the topic: â€Å"†¦Despite differences in, or even an absence of, religious backgrounds, individuals show no difference in moral judgments for unfamiliar moral dilemmas. The research suggests that intuitive judgments of right and wrong seem to operate independently of explicit religious commitments. † Pyssiainen’s and Hauser’s study grants us that although religious backgrounds may indeed build upon moral constructs, as good religion is only positively influential to a good person, a complete lack of religious background is perfectly plausible if an individual wishes to be moral because moral judgments are not linked to religious commitments. This finding is absolutely crucial to determining whether or not morality is man-made or inherent to humans because it breaks the perceived bond between belief and morality. So their contribution to the topic has been seen through and accepted as a welcome source of reference. However, it is essential to look at the other side of the argument. Which studies show that seem to show that religion is a key factor in morality? Unfortunately, they are found few and far between. As a matter of fact, there are literally no scientific studies that show religion is crucial in the formation of morality. It’s widely granted that religion, in some aspects, can further construct upon morality and cause others to be exceedingly altruistic and generous, and that is conceded by Paul Bloom of Yale University, but it is not a formative agent. In his paper, â€Å"Religion, Morality, Evolution,† he accepts that religion can be a guiding influence on a positive path. However, he points out that it is by no means the reason for morality, and that religion itself may just be an accident by which humans needed an answer to questions that they couldn’t fathom without the help of a deity. Necessity dictates that there should be some rather fueled individuals on a topic as flammable as the topic of morality and religion. Speaking as an outsider looking in, I cannot very well use the words of Christopher Hitchens, though I would love to dearly, because he was so against religion. While he was indeed logical in most of his claims, he was a self-described anti-theist, meaning that he was against a spectating deity who watched over each individual. Thus, his words would seem rather biased. However, Richard Dawkins, an evolutionary biologist, and Sam Harris, a well-known neuroscientist, are individuals who speak strictly through logical and provable means. Richard Dawkins posed the same point as Paul Bloom that religion is most likely an accident through evolution that was used as a possible answer to the world’s greatest questions, and Harris poses multiple reasonable points. The most relevant, though, is that if the bible were the only book in the world, it would be rational to use it as a basis for morality. However, because the bible is not the only book in the world and society is far more civilized now than it was when the bible was conceived, it is reasonable to assume that the bible is not the best book for building a moral compass. To end on a rather short note, there are few, if any, scientific studies arguing that religion is the factory that builds moral compasses. However, there are studies being conducted which follow Pyssiainen’s and Hauser’s and should end up corroborating their finds that morality works independently of religious constructs and confines. Thus, it is both rational and reasonable to assume that, after looking through history at the reasons for extreme wrongdoings and the social situations that facilitated them, and the evidence against opposing claims, morality is indeed intrinsic to our human nature and that it is simply augmented by outside forces, such as good religion. References Bloom, Paul, Religion, Morality, Evolution (January 2012). Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 63, pp. 179-199, 2012. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn. com/abstract=1982949 or http://dx. doi. org/10. 1146/annurev-psych-120710-100334 Cell Press (2010, February 9). Morality research sheds light on the origins of religion. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 12, 2013, from http://www. sciencedaily. com /releases/2010/02/100208123625. htm Harris, Sam. Letter to a Christian Nation. New York: Random House, Print. Harris, Sam. The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason. New York: W. W. Norton, Print. Pyysiainen, Hauser et al. The origins of religion Q1 : evolved adaptation or by-product? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, February 8, 2010 â€Å"The Nature of Morality and Moral Theories. † Morality and Moral Theories. University of San Diego. Web. 12 May 2013. .

School Culture Report for Pe Essay Example

School Culture Report for Pe Essay Example School Culture Report for Pe Essay School Culture Report for Pe Essay Faline Mariscal June 20, 2011 Special Ed. Curriculum School Culture Report Standardized assessments are useful tools for all school subjects to monitor trends and changes, collect data, and improve programs, curriculum and policy. Just like academic testing, standardized assessments for physical education provide these same benefits and opportunities for improvement. So, why isn’t physical education assessment required in schools? Assessing students in physical education can measure achievement in knowledge, motion skills, and self-management skills. Let’s take a closer look at my schools culture report on physical education. Oh wait! That is right, we don’t have one. My school doesn’t assess the students in physical education. So in this paper I will try my best to answer the questions needed to explain the data. I will try to explain the best I can if we has data on physical education and what that would look like. Let’s take a look at the following information: * Population (race, gender) mobility, income, special needs (whole school) 2010-2011 FXW Students’ Ethnic Diversity African American21% Arab American2% Asian American8% Bi-Racial7% Caucasian American49% Hispanic American13% 2010-2011 FXW Students Gender Male419 Female410 Total829 Who does not do well on standardized assessments? (in my classroom) Since I teach PE, standardized assessment doesn’t apply to me. If my school had standardized assessment performance in physical education, then I would be able to determine who are eligible for services due to their physical and motor needs and those with or without un ique needs in psychomotor domain. * Who gets referred? Those eligible would be based on the following test results that measure aspects of PE: 1. Low motor development. Exhibit motor delay of at least 2 years or performance is one standard below mean in motor development. 2. Low motor skill performance. Fails to meet age- or grade-level competencies or criterion-referenced standards in one or more physical education content area. 3. Low health-related physical fitness. Does not meet specific or general standards of health-related physical fitness. 4. Psychomotor domain. Those with social-emotional needs. School psychologist test. * Who are stakeholders? SchoolPrincipalsHead of SchoolCommunity StudentsParentsBoard MembersTeachers * Positive and Negative aspects of process Positive: 1. Help educators monitor and improve the quality of physical education programs 2. Provide a means of holding programs accountable 3. Enable physical education to be included among the subjects on which students are tested as part of the state education assessment that are increasingly driving school management decisions. 4. Least restrictive environment for the student Negatives: 1. Parents don’t want to believe their child has a problem 2. Parents can’t afford outside help 3. Students not comfortable with placement or considerations 4. Students don’t understand concepts or safety considerations being taught in class 5. Schools can’t meet the needs of the child 6. Teacher is not educated on how to deal with children with unique needs * What is Your Role? . To meet the needs of all my students 2. Modify activities and instructional methodologies so the student’s goals can be met 3. Develop rubrics, checklists, task analysis, or rating scales to measure behavior those students who exhibit some type of social-emotional behavior. I see students from kindergarten to third grade, but l ike I said, I don’t perform standardized assessment in my physical education class. I do more observation with the students. If I have any concerns than I talk to our schools resource teacher, psychologist, principal, and classroom teacher first before taking the next step. If I was performing some type of assessment in PE class, than the students who are struggling would have behavior problems or unique physical and motor skills. For example, I do have several groups of students that have social-emotional behavioral problems. These students have a hard time with following directions, taking turns, showing respect to others, playing fair, and demonstrating good sportsmanship, which is important in physical education and community-based physical activity settings. Students that exhibit low motor development and skill performance have the following delays. By kindergarten through second grade, students should be able to skip, leap, hop, gallop, throw and catch a ball with two hands, be aware of spatial awareness, have body control, change direction without bumping into another person, and balancing on one leg for at least 8 seconds. By third grade, the students should have master the skills in kindergarten through second grade and by now are able to manipulate objects using their hands and feet, catch a ball with one hand, and balance on one foot for at least 15 seconds. These are a few things that I look for when observing the students in my class. It’s hard to say the exact amount of children with disabilities in our since I’m not included in what goes on with the students who do receive special services. From the information that I have gathered from the resource teachers, approximately 30 students from grades k-3 have an IEP out of 60 students that receive help. Our resource teacher sees 18 students twice a week, which actually seven have been tested and have an IEP. Then our psychologist does a full Psycho-Ed which can only be completed by 10 students in a school year due to time. Our speech and language pathologist sees between 28-30 students a year on a consistent basis. All these students have had a speech and language evaluation. Then we have our reading specialist who sees at least 12 students. These students our below grade level in reading and most of them have had a Psycho-Ed with an IEP; and receive addition help from the resource teacher as well. As a PE teacher, I have not been informed on these 60 students that receive services. I do receive recommendation on some of these students, but most of them don’t have physical or motor development or behavior issues. Out of the 60 students, I have noticed at least six students that have some type of physical/motor development delays or behavior issues. Since I don’t have data to help me, I am not able to provide a percentage of children with disabilities and explain how they are accounted for in the data. What I can do is explain how I would teach these students in my class. I would try to modify activities so the students can participate in class. Students who have a hard time with following instructions, I would try to keep the directions short and explain them one more time face-to-face to make sure they understand what to do. To help students with social-behavior problems in class, I can develop a checklist, task analyses, or rating scale to measure their behavior. Coming up with a behavioral intervention plan can reduce unwanted behaviors while increasing more desirable behaviors. Since I work with elementary students, I should be focusing on motor skills instead of sports. By doing this, I will improve the skills needed for them to accomplish at that grade level. In conclusion, there are many reasons for testing and assessing in physical education like increasing motivation, determining strengths and weaknesses, classifying students, determining degree of achievement, evaluating instruction and programs, predicating future success, and conducting research to answer questions and solve problems. Without the data on student performance, physical education will continue to be relegated to a low priority in school reform efforts. Maybe I can bring my concerns to the principal and come up with some guidelines on how to access students in PE for the future. Researchers have said that there is a link between the brain and physical activity. So why isn’t there a state mandate that all schools should be assessing in PE class?